Become critical consumers of evidence based nursing research Essay Assignment Paper

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Become critical consumers of evidence based nursing research Essay Assignment Paper

Literature Essay

There are steps you need to follow in this assignment are:
1. Select an appropriate peer-reviewed original research article within last five years (you may select the topic)
2. You may choose from either QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE research
3. You MUST NOT choose literature reviews or systematic reviews or mixed method studies. Do not use the practice article given below to do this part.
4. Critique the article using the guidelines in your textbook (Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D., LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2013). Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisal for evidence – based practice. (4th ed.). Sydney: Elsevier Australia. Chapter 15).

1. Evidence of appropriate interpretation of the assignment task, i.e. demonstrated ability to critique scholarly literature
2. Demonstration of understanding of the terms used in the selected papers
3. Demonstration of engagement with the literature, reading and unit resources;
4. Attention to structure and logical sequencing of information; clearly identified introduction, body and conclusion;
5. Attention to referencing and acknowledgement of other sources – others’ ideas paraphrased and interpreted rather than directly quoted, correct academic referencing and in-text citation, using APA style
6. Written expression: Clear, succinct written expression, using correct spelling, grammar, punctuation and syntax (sentence structure).

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Title of article ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Abstract of article ……………………………………………………………………………………………2
Introduction of article ………………………………………………………………………………………3
Method of article………………………………………………………………………………………………4
Results of article……………………………………………………………………………………………….8
Discussion of article ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Conclusion of article ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
References of article………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Marking Rubric ………………………………………………………………………………………………..12

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Health care professionals are required to critique the literature in order to assess the strengths and weaknesses of research, so that patients receive assessment and treatment based on the best evidence available (Richardson – Tench 2011). As a student nurse critiquing the literature is necessary to evaluate the quality of research, and develop critical thinking skills in order to apply knowledge and draw conclusions about the legitimacy of research (Benner, Hughes, & Sutner, 2008). According to Richardson-Tench (2011), when critiquing a research study it is necessary to assess both the general quality of the article as well as the quality of the research undertaken. This includes the significance of the findings, the methods used, whether the design was appropriate, and identification of logical links between the purpose, the findings and any conclusions drawn (Richardson-Tench 2011). This paper will involve the critiquing of a peer- reviewed quantitative research study by Liu et al. (2008) using a systematic framework provided by Richardson-Tench (2011).

 

review include identification of a relationship between previous research and the current research project, a summary of the search strategy used, identifying trends and gaps in the literature and using primary sources rather than secondary sources. The article by Liu et al. (2008) provides a summary of previous research and highlights the inconsistencies in the results of previous studies and also the lack of research into the interaction effects of age and gender on HRQOL. The literature reviewed is relevant to the topic of HRQOL and uses primary sources rather than secondary sources. The literature review however does not include the search strategy used for locating previous research, which helps the reader determine if the literature review is comprehensive and unbiased (Houser 2008).
The conceptual framework used in the research paper by Liu et al. (2008) is health related quality of life. HRQOL is an appropriate health care framework evolved from the WHO (1948) definition of health as physical, mental and social well being and is an appropriate framework for this study. The author has linked the conceptual framework to the research question by using it as a measure. The literature review also includes research that has been undertaken using the same conceptual framework, which improves credibility and without such a framework it limits both the ability of the research to be applied to clinical practice and the development of further research based on the results (Houser 2008)).

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hypothesis. While hypothesis are not necessary in qualitative studies as the researchers are open to what might emerge throughout the study, Richardson- Tench (2011) explains that it is customary to devise hypothesis in quantitative research which speculates about the relationship between two variables. The two variables in this research paper are age and gender, and while the authors articulate the main variables, they do not state the presumed relationship between them. Caldwell, Henshaw & Taylor (2010) further explain however, that in survey research a hypothesis may be provided; however it is not essential.

 

convenience sampling and rolling recruitment was used (Liu et al. 2008). Although a probability sample would have been more representative of the population, as Richardson-Tench (2011) highlights this is not always possible in medical studies where there is often not enough people to form a probability sample. Another way the study could have reduced sample bias is to use subjects from a number of kidney transplant hospitals rather than using subjects from a single hospital where the population may have a biased concentration of a particular variable (Richardson-Tench 2011). The sampling process and size is important so that the reader can determine if the sample is representative of the population and whether bias can be eliminated (Caldewell, Henshaw & Taylor 2010). The sample size is discussed in the results section, and in order to ensure an adequate number of participants were selected to ensure valid results, a power analysis was conducted (Liu et al. 2008). The authors also considered ethical considerations as participation in the study was voluntary, and the consent procedure was provided (Liu et al. 2008).

 

conducted at a defined point in time using a cross-section of the population (Richardson-Tench 2011). A longitudinal study whereby a subject is studied at various points over time to identify changes could have been used which excludes variables such as cultural differences, however the disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that they are time consuming (Liamputtong 2010) and so for the purposes of efficiency a cross-sectional design was appropriate.
Threats to internal validity in the study were overcome by the use of randomly coded survey packs that contained no personal identifying information (Liu et al. 2008). This ensured that the investigators were not aware of an individual subjects age or gender when conducting surveys or collating results and so could not influence the results. As explained by Richardson-Tench (2011) this threat to validity is known as the experimenter effect where the experimenter may consciously or unconsciously affect the results of experiment. In addition, confounding variables, which are variables that are known to have an effect on the independent variable but are not being measured by the study, were overcome by the use of the data analysis technique, a multivariate analysis of covariate (MONOVA) (Liamputtong 2010).
The eligibility criterion in the study by Liu et al. (2008) was included, however the exclusion criteria were not. The exclusion criteria is important as subjects may not be appropriate for a study even though they may meet the inclusion criteria (Houser 2008).

 

participants, as access to the survey data was secured and restricted to a small number of investigators (Liu et al. 2008). The instruments used to gather data were described and included a rationale of the suitability of measurement tools i.e. the survey has been used successfully in other research studies (Liu et al.). As explained by Liamputtong (2010) researchers should select instruments that have been shown to be reliable in the population of interest. The researchers also modified the scale used in previous research to measure overall health status to ensure a more valid result (Liu et al. 2008). Differences in instruments are a major threat to the validity of a study (Richardson Tench 2011) and this was overcome by using the same survey for all subjects participating in the study.

 

authors of the study did not explain why they chose this method it is commonly understood that questionaries are more cost effective and time effective than interviews (Ingham-Broomfield 2008).
The purpose of statistical tests in research is to determine whether the results are statistically significant (Liamputtong 2010). The study by Liu et al. (2008) used appropriate tests to measure the relationship between the two variables being tested (age and gender). A chi-square test was used which is appropriate for measuring categories rather than numbers (Richardson-Tench 2011). A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was also used, which is appropriate as there were two dependent variables (age and gender) and one covariant (time after transplantation) (Liamputtong 2010).
Details in the method that were omitted by Liu et al. (2008) were the training the data collectors received. Data collection procedures and data analysis procedures were however explained in detail. The study was reviewed and approved by a review board of the university medical centre (Liu et al. 2008). As explained by Liamputtong (2010) an ethics committee’s role is to ensure the research conforms to accepted scientific principles and statements should be made within the research about ethical considerations which was achieved by Liu et al. (2008) by discussing how the privacy of subjects would be protected and by gaining participants consent to participate in the study.

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